CIA World Factbook Analysis

Data-driven insights using SQL + Jupyter Notebook

Population Analysis

Initially, the dataset reported the maximum population as 7.25 billion. However, this row represented the total for the entire "World", and not a specific country.

Population summary with world
Country with max pop (World)Country with min pop (Antarctica)

Refining the Analysis: Excluding the "World"

After excluding the "World" row, the actual country with the highest population is China, with approximately 1.36 billion people.

Population summary without worldChina population

🌍 Area Analysis

The average total area of a country in the CIA Factbook dataset is approximately 555,093.55 square kilometers. This helps us understand which countries stand out in terms of geographic size.

Countries such as Russia, Canada, and United Statessignificantly exceed this average and dominate in terms of physical landmass.

📌 The top three countries by area are: Russia, Canada, and United States.
SQL query showing average country areaCountries with area above average

🌊 Water vs. Land Area Comparison

While most countries in the CIA Factbook have a significantly larger land area than water area, a few rare outliers exist where the water area exceeds the land area. These countries typically include island nations, territories with vast inland water bodies, or unusual geographical boundaries.

🔍 Countries with more water than land can indicate important maritime zones,coastal economic reliance, or rich freshwater ecosystems.
SQL query and output: Countries with more water than land

📉 Birth Rate vs. Death Rate

A country where the death rate exceeds the birth rate may experience long-term demographic challenges. These can include population decline, economic stagnation, labor shortages, and increased strain on healthcare and social systems.

The dataset highlights countries like Ukraine, Bulgaria, and Latvia where this imbalance is most pronounced.

⚠️ Negative population growth can lead to social and economic stress unless mitigated by policies like immigration or increased fertility support.
Query and table: Countries with higher death rate than birth rate

🏙️ Population Density

Population density measures how many people live per square kilometer of land. It is calculated by dividing a country's population by its total area.

Countries with very high population densities tend to be small, highly urbanized, or both. This includes places like Macau, Monaco, and Singapore.

📌 Macau tops the list with over 21,000 people per km² — highlighting an extremely concentrated urban population.
SQL query and output for population density

📘 Want to explore the full code and analysis?

View Full Notebook on GitHub
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